Mucinous Neoplasm of Appendix
A tumor producing mucin that can spread to the peritoneal cavity (pseudomyxoma peritonei).
Overview
Appendiceal mucinous neoplasm is a tumor of the appendix that produces mucin (a jelly-like substance). It ranges from low-grade (slow-growing) to more aggressive types. If the appendix ruptures, mucin and tumor cells can spread through the abdomen, causing a condition called pseudomyxoma peritonei. Treatment depends on the tumor grade and whether it has spread.
Causes
- Abnormal mucin-producing cells in the appendix wall
- Low-grade or high-grade mucinous transformation
Risk Factors
- Age over 40
- Usually no identifiable risk factors
- Incidental finding after appendicectomy
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Histopathology after appendix removal
- CT abdomen and pelvis
- MRI for peritoneal disease
- Tumor markers (CEA, CA 19-9, CA 125)
- Colonoscopy
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
For low-grade tumors confined to the appendix, appendicectomy with clear margins may be sufficient. Higher-risk tumors may need a right hemicolectomy. When mucin has spread through the abdomen (pseudomyxoma peritonei), cytoreductive surgery combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) offers the best outcomes. Dr. Bhagat coordinates care through a multidisciplinary team.
Recovery
Recovery depends on the extent of surgery, from quick recovery after appendicectomy to a longer stay after cytoreductive surgery. Regular surveillance with imaging and tumor markers is important, as low-grade disease can recur slowly over years.
Prevention
- No specific prevention
- Routine histology of all removed appendices
- Prompt evaluation of unexplained abdominal swelling
- Long-term follow-up after diagnosis
Frequently Asked Questions
What is pseudomyxoma peritonei?
Is a mucinous neoplasm of the appendix cancer?
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