Hydatid Cyst
Parasitic cyst caused by Echinococcus tapeworm, forming large fluid-filled cysts in the liver.
Overview
Hepatic hydatid cyst is caused by Echinococcus granulosus parasite, transmitted through dogs. Common in sheep-rearing areas of India. Surgery remains the mainstay of treatment for large or complicated cysts.
Causes
- Echinococcus granulosus (dog tapeworm)
- Ingestion of parasite eggs from contaminated food/water
- Close contact with infected dogs
Risk Factors
- Rural/agricultural communities
- Dog owners
- Sheep/cattle farmers
- Poor hand hygiene
- Endemic areas (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Ultrasound (Gharbi/WHO classification)
- CT abdomen
- Echinococcus serology (IgG ELISA)
- Eosinophilia
- MRI (for biliary communication)
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is indicated for large cysts (>5cm), complicated cysts (infected, ruptured, biliary communication), and cysts with daughter cysts. Pericystectomy (complete cyst removal with pericyst) is ideal. During surgery, scolicide agents prevent spillage and recurrence. Albendazole given pre and post-operatively.
Recovery
Surgery: 5-7 days hospital stay. Albendazole for 3-6 months post-operatively. Follow-up ultrasound every 6 months for 3 years. Recurrence rate 2-10% with proper surgical technique.
Prevention
- Deworming of dogs regularly
- Proper hand washing after animal contact
- Avoid feeding offal to dogs
- Meat inspection
- Health education in endemic areas
Frequently Asked Questions
Can hydatid cyst be treated without surgery?
Can hydatid cyst come back after surgery?
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