GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

Overview

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) occurs when stomach acid frequently flows back into the esophagus, irritating its lining. While occasional acid reflux is common, GERD is diagnosed when reflux occurs more than twice a week or causes significant symptoms affecting quality of life.

Causes

• Weakened or relaxed lower esophageal sphincter (LES)
• Hiatal hernia pushing stomach above the diaphragm
• Obesity increasing abdominal pressure
• Delayed gastric emptying
• Connective tissue disorders (e.g., scleroderma)

Risk Factors

• Obesity or overweight
• Pregnancy
• Smoking
• Eating large meals or eating late at night
• Fatty or fried food consumption
• Certain medications (aspirin, ibuprofen, muscle relaxants)
• Coffee, alcohol, carbonated beverages

Symptoms

Diagnosis

• Clinical history and symptom assessment
• Upper GI endoscopy (EGD)
• 24-hour pH monitoring
• Esophageal manometry
• Barium swallow X-ray

Treatment Options

Surgical Treatment

Recovery

After laparoscopic fundoplication: 1-2 days hospital stay, soft diet for 2-4 weeks, full recovery in 4-6 weeks. Most patients stop all acid-reducing medications within 3 months.

Prevention

• Maintain a healthy weight
• Eat smaller, more frequent meals
• Avoid lying down within 3 hours of eating
• Elevate the head of your bed 6-8 inches
• Avoid trigger foods (spicy, fatty, acidic)
• Quit smoking
• Limit alcohol and caffeine

Frequently Asked Questions