Stomach
Gastritis
Inflammation of the stomach lining causing pain, nausea, and digestive discomfort.
Overview
Gastritis is inflammation of the stomach lining. It can be acute (sudden) or chronic (gradual). Most cases respond to medical treatment. Chronic gastritis increases risk of ulcers and, rarely, gastric cancer.
Causes
- H. pylori infection
- NSAID use
- Alcohol
- Autoimmune (pernicious anemia)
- Bile reflux
- Stress (ICU patients)
Risk Factors
- H. pylori infection
- Regular NSAID use
- Alcohol
- Smoking
- Older age
- Autoimmune conditions
Symptoms
Upper abdominal pain/burning
Nausea
Bloating
Loss of appetite
Indigestion
Vomiting
Diagnosis
- Upper GI endoscopy with biopsy
- H. pylori testing
- Blood tests (CBC for anemia)
Treatment Options
1PPIs (omeprazole, pantoprazole)
2H. pylori eradication
3Antacids
4Dietary modification
5Avoid NSAIDs/alcohol
Surgical Treatment
Gastritis itself rarely requires surgery. Surgery is needed only for complications: uncontrolled bleeding (rare), perforation, or if biopsy shows dysplasia/cancer.
Recovery
Most gastritis heals in 2-4 weeks with PPIs. H. pylori eradication takes 14 days. Lifestyle modifications for long-term prevention.
Prevention
- Avoid NSAIDs when possible
- Limit alcohol
- Quit smoking
- Test and treat H. pylori
- Stress management
Frequently Asked Questions
Is gastritis serious?
Acute gastritis usually resolves with treatment. Chronic untreated gastritis can lead to ulcers, bleeding, or rarely stomach cancer. Treatment is important.
Can gastritis cause cancer?
Chronic atrophic gastritis (especially from H. pylori or autoimmune causes) carries a small increased risk of gastric cancer over many years. Regular surveillance may be recommended.
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