Gallbladder Perforation
Rupture of the gallbladder wall — a serious complication of acute cholecystitis.
Overview
Gallbladder perforation is a serious complication of severe gallbladder inflammation (cholecystitis), where the wall of the gallbladder breaks down and leaks bile and infection into the abdomen. It is a surgical emergency requiring urgent treatment to control infection and remove the diseased gallbladder.
Causes
- Severe or neglected acute cholecystitis
- Gangrene of the gallbladder wall
- Blockage of the gallbladder by stones
- Reduced blood supply to the gallbladder
Risk Factors
- Delayed treatment of acute cholecystitis
- Elderly age
- Diabetes
- Immunosuppression
- Male gender (higher risk of severe disease)
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Ultrasound abdomen
- CT abdomen (best for detecting perforation and collections)
- Blood tests (raised white cells and inflammatory markers)
- Liver function tests
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Urgent surgery is usually required to remove the gallbladder and wash out the infected bile. Dr. Bhagat performs cholecystectomy — laparoscopically when feasible, or open surgery for severe cases. In very unstable patients, a temporary drain (cholecystostomy) is placed first to control infection before definitive surgery.
Recovery
Recovery depends on severity and how promptly treatment was started. Hospital stay ranges from several days to over a week. IV antibiotics continue until infection is controlled. Early treatment leads to much better outcomes.
Prevention
- Prompt treatment of acute cholecystitis
- Timely cholecystectomy for symptomatic gallstones
- Not ignoring persistent right upper abdominal pain and fever
- Good diabetes control
Frequently Asked Questions
How does a gallbladder perforate?
Is surgery always needed?
Expert Consultation Available
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