Diaphragmatic Hernia
An abnormal opening in the diaphragm allowing abdominal organs to move into the chest.
Overview
A diaphragmatic hernia occurs when abdominal organs push up into the chest through a defect or weakness in the diaphragm — the muscle separating the chest from the abdomen. It may be present from birth or acquired (often after trauma or as a large hiatus hernia). Surgical repair restores the anatomy and relieves symptoms.
Causes
- Congenital defect in the diaphragm
- Trauma to the chest or abdomen
- Progressive weakening at the food-pipe opening (hiatus hernia)
- Raised abdominal pressure
Risk Factors
- Previous chest or abdominal injury
- Advancing age
- Obesity
- Chronic cough or straining
- Congenital predisposition
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Chest X-ray
- CT chest and abdomen
- Barium swallow study
- Upper GI endoscopy
- Pulmonary function assessment in large hernias
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Repair involves returning the herniated organs to the abdomen and closing the diaphragmatic defect, often reinforced with mesh. Dr. Bhagat performs laparoscopic (keyhole) repair where possible, adding an anti-reflux procedure when the hernia involves the food-pipe opening. Large or emergency hernias may require more extensive surgery.
Recovery
Laparoscopic repair typically involves a 2–4 day hospital stay with return to normal activity over 3–4 weeks. Patients follow a graded diet initially. Outcomes are excellent, with significant symptom relief.
Prevention
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Avoid heavy lifting and straining
- Manage chronic cough and constipation
- Prompt evaluation of persistent reflux or breathlessness
Frequently Asked Questions
Is a diaphragmatic hernia dangerous?
Can it be repaired with keyhole surgery?
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