Corrosive Acid Injury
Chemical burn to the esophagus from ingestion of corrosive substances.
Overview
Corrosive injury occurs when a strong acid or alkali is swallowed, accidentally or intentionally, damaging the mouth, esophagus, and stomach. Acute injury can be life-threatening, while long-term scarring often leads to severe narrowing (strictures) that make swallowing difficult and may require major reconstructive surgery.
Causes
- Accidental ingestion (especially in children)
- Intentional ingestion (self-harm)
- Occupational exposure to corrosive chemicals
Risk Factors
- Improper storage of corrosive household chemicals
- Psychiatric illness
- Young children in homes with accessible chemicals
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Careful clinical assessment
- Upper GI endoscopy (to grade injury severity)
- CT scan for severe injuries
- Contrast swallow study (for strictures)
- Nutritional assessment
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Acute management focuses on stabilization, airway protection, and avoiding measures that worsen injury. Established strictures are first treated with endoscopic dilatation. When strictures are severe or fail dilatation, esophageal replacement surgery (using stomach or colon to reconstruct the swallowing passage) is required. Dr. Bhagat manages these complex reconstructions and long-term care.
Recovery
Recovery depends on injury severity. Mild injuries heal over weeks; severe injuries need prolonged nutritional support and staged reconstructive surgery. A dedicated rehabilitation and follow-up plan is essential.
Prevention
- Store corrosive chemicals safely, away from children
- Never transfer chemicals into drink bottles
- Clear labelling of hazardous substances
- Mental health support for those at risk of self-harm
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does swallowing get worse months after the injury?
Can the esophagus be rebuilt?
Expert Consultation Available
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