Bezoar
A mass of indigestible material trapped in the stomach requiring removal.
Overview
A bezoar is a solid mass of undigested material that accumulates in the stomach or intestine. The most common type (phytobezoar) is made of indigestible plant fibre. Bezoars can cause blockage, ulceration, and obstruction. Treatment ranges from endoscopic removal to surgery for large or complicated cases.
Causes
- Excessive intake of high-fibre or indigestible foods (e.g., unripe persimmons)
- Delayed stomach emptying (gastroparesis)
- Previous gastric surgery
- Swallowing hair (trichobezoar)
- Reduced stomach acid
Risk Factors
- Diabetes with gastroparesis
- Previous stomach surgery
- Psychiatric conditions (hair-pulling and swallowing)
- Poor chewing / dentition
- Dehydration
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Upper GI endoscopy (direct visualization — also therapeutic)
- CT abdomen
- Barium studies
- Assessment of underlying stomach emptying
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Small bezoars can often be broken up and removed endoscopically or dissolved chemically. Large, hard, or obstructing bezoars require surgical removal — Dr. Bhagat performs laparoscopic gastrotomy or enterotomy to extract the bezoar with minimal recovery time. Any underlying cause, such as a narrowed stomach outlet, is addressed at the same time.
Recovery
Endoscopic removal usually allows same-day or next-day discharge. Laparoscopic surgery involves a 2–4 day hospital stay. Dietary counselling and treatment of the underlying emptying problem prevent recurrence.
Prevention
- Chew food thoroughly
- Avoid excessive indigestible fibre if prone to bezoars
- Manage diabetes and gastroparesis
- Stay well hydrated
- Address hair-swallowing behaviours
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a bezoar dissolve on its own?
Will a bezoar come back?
Expert Consultation Available
Get personalized treatment advice from Dr. Bhagat. Book an appointment or connect via WhatsApp for a quick consultation.