Appendicitis
Acute inflammation of the appendix requiring emergency surgical removal (appendectomy).
Overview
Appendicitis is inflammation of the appendix — a small finger-shaped pouch attached to the large intestine in the lower right abdomen. It's one of the most common surgical emergencies, typically requiring urgent appendectomy to prevent perforation and serious complications.
Causes
- Blockage of the appendix opening (by fecalith, lymphoid hyperplasia)
- Infection leading to swelling
- Hardened stool (fecal stone) obstructing the lumen
- Enlarged lymph tissue (often after viral infection)
- Rarely: tumors or parasites
Risk Factors
- Age 10-30 years (most common age group)
- Male gender (slightly higher risk)
- Family history of appendicitis
- Low-fiber diet
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Clinical examination (McBurney's point tenderness)
- Blood tests (elevated WBC count)
- Ultrasound abdomen
- CT scan (gold standard for diagnosis)
- Alvarado Score / RIPASA Score
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Laparoscopic appendectomy is the gold standard — performed through 3 small incisions (5-10mm each). The appendix is identified, its blood supply ligated, and it's removed safely. For perforated appendicitis with abscess, initial drainage followed by interval appendectomy 6-8 weeks later may be recommended.
Recovery
Laparoscopic: Discharge in 24-48 hours. Return to normal activities in 1 week. Full recovery in 2-3 weeks. Open surgery: 3-5 days hospital stay, 4-6 weeks full recovery.
Prevention
- No proven prevention method exists
- High-fiber diet may reduce risk
- Prompt medical attention for abdominal pain prevents complications
Frequently Asked Questions
Is appendicitis always an emergency?
Can I live normally without my appendix?
How long does laparoscopic appendectomy take?
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