Acute Pancreatitis
Sudden inflammation of the pancreas causing severe abdominal pain, often triggered by gallstones or alcohol.
Overview
Acute pancreatitis is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas that can range from mild discomfort to a life-threatening emergency. It occurs when digestive enzymes become activated while still in the pancreas, causing irritation and damage to pancreatic tissue.
Causes
- Gallstones (most common cause, ~40%)
- Alcohol consumption (second most common, ~30%)
- High triglyceride levels
- Certain medications
- ERCP procedure complications
- Abdominal trauma
- Autoimmune conditions
- Idiopathic (unknown cause, ~15-20%)
Risk Factors
- History of gallstones
- Heavy alcohol use
- Smoking
- Obesity
- Family history of pancreatitis
- Recent abdominal surgery
- High calcium levels
Symptoms
Diagnosis
- Blood tests: Serum amylase and lipase (>3x normal)
- CT scan with contrast (for severity assessment)
- Ultrasound (to identify gallstone cause)
- MRCP if bile duct stone suspected
- C-reactive protein (for prognosis)
Treatment Options
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is indicated for gallstone pancreatitis (cholecystectomy to prevent recurrence), infected pancreatic necrosis (necrosectomy), and pseudocyst drainage. Dr. Bhagat employs minimally invasive step-up approaches when possible.
Recovery
Mild cases: 3-7 days hospitalization. Severe cases: weeks to months. Early enteral nutrition is encouraged. Alcohol abstinence is critical. Follow-up imaging at 6-8 weeks for complications.
Prevention
- Treat gallstones promptly
- Limit alcohol intake
- Maintain healthy triglyceride levels
- Eat a low-fat balanced diet
- Stop smoking
- Stay well-hydrated
Frequently Asked Questions
Is pancreatitis life-threatening?
Will pancreatitis recur?
What can I eat after pancreatitis?
Expert Consultation Available
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